Innovative Narwhal MPPT with Feed forward Decoupling for Enhanced Solar Grid Integration

Abstract

This paper presents a novel hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy that integrates the Narwhal optimisation algorithm (NWO) with a feed forward decoupling control (FFDC) scheme for a grid-connected single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) inverter-based photovoltaic (PV) system. Conventional and metaheuristic MPPT methods often exhibit a trade-off between convergence speed, tracking accuracy, and robustness under partial shading and dynamic irradiance. The proposed NWO-FFDC approach addresses these limitations by leveraging the efficient global search capabilities for rapid MPP localisation and the precise control of the FFDC for stable grid integration. Simulation results demonstrate that the NWO-FFDC achieves a tracking efficiency of 99.2 %, reduces steady-state oscillations to 0.5 W, and achieves convergence within 42 ms. Furthermore, inverter performance analysis confirms that the proposed controller maintains DC link voltage stability at 700 V with minimal droop and delivers AC power to the grid with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of only 2 % under all conditions, ensuring full compliance with IEEE 1547 standards. These results establish NWO-FFDC as a superior solution, offering improved tracking precision, faster dynamic response, and improved grid compatibility for next-generation PV systems.